Coded Language: The History, the Message, and 2016

How do politicians, particularly presidential candidates, talk about race without talking about race? Since the 1960s, race baiting in American politics has gone increasingly underground into the realm of coded language and dog-whistle rhetoric; that was until 2016 when the election of Donald Trump brought much of this conversation from the covert and into the over. The old codes were not gone, but they seemingly meant less. Through an examination of campaign ads and convention speeches from the elections of 1968, 1988, and 2008, this paper explores the history of coded language to provide a partial explanation of what made President Trump\u27s rhetoric so powerful. This paper incorporates two intermediate theses to illustrate its ultimate thesis. First, that as times change race baiting language must also change in order to incite the greatest following from backlash voters. Second, that this language must occur alongside social turmoil and anxiety amongst the backlash electorate. These two theses come together to generate an ultimate thesis that Trump took years of coded practices, broke many of them, and played to backlash voters fears of outsiders, particularly Muslims and Latinos

Discrete ply model of circular pull-through test of fasteners in laminates

In aeronautical structures, assemblies with thin laminates are becoming increasingly usual, especially for fuselage design. In these structures, out-of-plane loads can appear in bolted joints and can lead to progressive punching of the fastener’s head in the laminate resulting, in some cases, in a failure mode called pull-through [1]. This complex phenomenon, which occurs in assemblies, was studied firstly by using a simplified ‘‘circular’’ pull-through test method. Qualitative micrographic examinations showed damage very similar to that observed in impacted specimens. The research presented here extends the Discrete Ply Model Method (DPM) developed by Bouvet et al. [2] to this case. The finite elements model is based on a particular mesh taking ply orientations into account. Cohesive elements are placed at the interfaces between solid elements to represent matrix cracks and delamination, thus allowing the natural coupling between these two damage modes to be represented. The model shows good correlation with test results, in terms of load/displacement curve, and correct prediction of the damage map until failure, including the splitting phenomenon

The Effects of Incorporating Sprouted and Non-Sprouted Chickpea Flour in Pasta Products Upon Sensory Characteristics, Consumer Acceptability, In-Vivo Flow-Mediated Dilation, and In-Vitro TEAC Analysis

Chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.) is used in various products in the pasta industry. Amongst the numerous processing methods for chickpeas, sprouting increases chickpeas antioxidant content, nutrient bioavailability, and removes unwanted inhibitors. Consuming antioxidants has shown to positively impact endothelial function, which is related to atherosclerosis prevention. PURPOSE: To explore the antioxidant potential of chickpeas, to explore how chickpea antioxidants are absorbed in the body, and to assess whether chickpea pasta is appealing to a consumer and sensory panel. METHODS: 108 healthy adults undertook a randomized sample consumer assessment of the likeability of 10 different pasta samples based on appearance, texture, flavor, and overall quality. The samples involved sprouted chickpea flour (SCF) and non-sprouted chickpea flour (NSCF) combined with semolina flour in a range of concentrations (0 %, 20 %, 40%), and all possible blends were evaluated for two different pasta shapes (fusilli and rigatoni); a total of 10 samples. Moreover, eight trained individuals participated in a descriptive analysis and assessed the pasta samples based on: chewiness, mushiness, overall strength of aftertaste, earthiness, pasta flavor, saltiness, sweetness, bitterness, strength of smell, and grittiness. Antioxidant potential was also assessed using Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) assay for seven samples (SCF and NSCF concentrations of 0 %, 20 %, 40%, and 100%). Moreover, healthy participants participated in a randomized, crossover, controlled meal study on two different days. Participants ingested 255.15 grams of pasta with 21.27 grams of butter. The experimental visit involved 40% sprouted chickpea flour and 60% semolina flour; the control visit involved 100% semolina flour. RESULTS: The consumer assessment results showed that the addition of sprouted chickpea to semolina did not show significance in overall or willingness to purchase (p \u3e 0.05). The descriptive analysis results showed that sprouted chickpea pasta had a significant increase on the pasta’s earthiness, aftertaste, bitterness, grittiness, and a decrease effect on the pasta’s pasta flavor. TEAC analysis showed the 100% SCF to have the highest antioxidant potential whereas unenriched semolina flour showed the lowest antioxidant potential (p \u3c 0.05). Both 40% SCF and 40% NSCF had significantly greater antioxidant potential compared to unenriched semolina flour (USF) (p \u3c 0.05). Flow Mediated dilation (FMD) was improved following the sprouted chickpea pasta (10.28±1.19%) than the semolina pasta (7.87± 0.81%, p \u3c 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results indicated that fractional substitution of semolina flour with NSCF or SCF produces a pasta that is appealing to consumers and improves in-vitro and in-vivo antioxidant potential

The Migration of the Aura – Exploring the Original Through Its Facsimiles

Following the marvelous example provided by the fac simile of Veronese’s Nozze di Cana in San Giorgio in Venice and constrasting this case of a good reproduction with the catastrophic restoration of Holbein’s Ambassadors, the paper explores the reason why common sense has so much difficulty with the notion that a facsimile may actually add new layers of originality to the original –contrary to the thesis so much popularized by Walter Benjamin’s essay on mechanical reproduction. Contrary to this too famous essay, the paper argues that digital technologies have nothing « slavish » nor « mechanical » about them, and that facsimiles allow to peel away the many layers composing the originality of a work of art –to the point when a painting too, algough so obviouvsly material, can be taken as an instance of performative art

An Integrated System at the Bleien Observatory for Mapping the Galaxy

We describe the design and performance of the hardware system at the Bleien Observatory. The system is designed to deliver a map of the Galaxy for studying the foreground contamination of low-redshift (z=0.13--0.43) H$_{\rm I}$ intensity mapping experiments as well as other astronomical Galactic studies. This hardware system is composed of a 7m parabolic dish, a dual-polarization corrugated horn feed, a pseudo correlation receiver, a Fast Fourier Transform spectrometer, and an integrated control system that controls and monitors the progress of the data collection. The main innovative designs in the hardware are (1) the pseudo correlation receiver and the cold reference source within (2) the high dynamic range, high frequency resolution spectrometer and (3) the phase-switch implementation of the system. This is the first time these technologies are used together for a L-band radio telescope to achieve an electronically stable system, which is an essential first step for wide-field cosmological measurements. This work demonstrates the prospects and challenges for future H$_{\rm I}$ intensity mapping experiments.Comment: 11 pages, 12 figures, 1 table, Submitted to MNRA

Improving the effectiveness of job fairs for young jobseekers in Egypt

This detailed report covers causes and conditions of the mismatch between employers and those seeking employment in Egypt. It then argues for the effectiveness of job fairs to bridge the recruitment gap. Lack of information is as big a constraint as monetary constraints/transportation costs in job fair attendance. A travel voucher treatment was cross-randomized with information supply and shows that people who received both the information and the voucher increased their job fair attendance by 9.8 percentage points (a 280% increase relative to control). The report also includes the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the labour market

Intraspecific trait variation and coordination: Root and leaf economics spectra in coffee across environmental gradients

Hypotheses on the existence of a universal “Root Economics Spectrum” (RES) have received arguably the least attention of all trait spectra, despite the key role root trait variation plays in resource acquisition potential. There is growing interest in quantifying intraspecific trait variation (ITV) in plants, but there are few studies evaluating (i) the existence of an intraspecific RES within a plant species, or (ii) how a RES may be coordinated with other trait spectra within species, such as a leaf economics spectrum (LES). Using Coffea arabica (Rubiaceae) as a model species, we measured seven morphological and chemical traits of intact lateral roots, which were paired with information on four key LES traits. Field collections were completed across four nested levels of biological organization. The intraspecific trait coefficient of variation (cv) ranged from 25 to 87% with root diameter and specific root tip density showing the lowest and highest cv, respectively. Between 27 and 68% of root ITV was explained by site identity alone for five of the seven traits measured. A single principal component explained 56.2% of root trait covariation, with plants falling along a RES from resource acquiring to conserving traits. Multiple factor analysis revealed significant orthogonal relationships between root and leaf spectra. RES traits were strongly orthogonal with respect to LES traits, suggesting these traits vary independently from one another in response to environmental cues. This study provides among the first evidence that plants from the same species differentiate from one another along an intraspecific RES. We find that in one of the world's most widely cultivated crops, an intraspecific RES is orthogonal to an intraspecific LES, indicating that above and belowground responses of plants to managed (or natural) environmental gradients are likely to occur independently from one another. (Résumé d'auteur

On non-L2L^2 solutions to the Seiberg-Witten equations

We show that a previous paper of Freund describing a solution to the Seiberg-Witten equations has a sign error rendering it a solution to a related but different set of equations. The non-$L^2$ nature of Freund's solution is discussed and clarified and we also construct a whole class of solutions to the Seiberg-Witten equations.Comment: 8 pages, Te

L1→L∞L^1\rightarrow L^\infty Dispersive estimates for Coulomb waves

We show the time decay of spherically symmetric Coulomb waves in $\R^{3}$ for the case of a repulsive charge. By means of a distorted Fourier transform adapted to $H=-\Delta+q\cdot |x|^{-1}$, with $q>0$, we explicitly compute the kernel of the evolution operator $e^{itH}$. A detailed analysis of the kernel is then used to prove that for large times, $e^{i t H}$ obeys an $L^1 \to L^\infty$ dispersive estimate with the natural decay rate t^{-\f32}.Comment: 60 page